Kukho ukubhideka okuthile okujikeleze unxulumano phakathi kokuchaneka kokuhamba, ukunyamezela kwayo kwimveliso kunye nenqanaba lococeko lwangaphakathi okanye 'umdlalo' phakathi kweendlela zomdyarho kunye neebhola. Apha, uWu Shizheng, umlawuli olawulayo weebheringi ezincinci kunye neengcaphephe ze-JITO Bearings, ucacisa ukuba kutheni le ntsomi iqhubeka kwaye yintoni ekufuneka iinjineli zijonge.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi, kumzi-mveliso wezixhobo zaseSkotlani, indoda encinci eyaziwayo nguStanley Parker yavelisa umbono wesikhundla sokwenyani, okanye into esiyaziyo namhlanje njengeGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). UParker waqaphela ukuba nangona ezinye zeendawo ezisebenzayo eziveliswa kwi-torpedoes zikhatywa emva kokuhlolwa, zisathunyelwa kwimveliso.
Xa ehlolisiswa kakuhle, wafumanisa ukuba luphawu lonyamezelo olwalubekek’ ityala. Unyamezelo lolungelelwaniso lwemveli lwe-XY lwenza indawo yokunyamezela isikweri, engabandakanyi inxalenye nangona ibambe inqaku kwindawo egobileyo setyhula phakathi kweekona zesikwere. Wahlabela mgama epapasha oko akufumanisileyo ngendlela yokumisela indawo yokwenene kwincwadi ethi Drawings and Dimensions.
*Ucoceko lwangaphakathi
Namhlanje, oku kuqonda kusinceda ukuba siphuhlise iibheringi ezibonisa inqanaba elithile lokudlala okanye ukukhululeka, okunye okubizwa ngokuba kucoceko lwangaphakathi okanye, ngakumbi, umdlalo weradial kunye ne-axial. Umdlalo weRadial lucoceko olulinganiswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-axis ethwalayo kunye nomdlalo we-axial lucoceko olulinganiswe ngokunxuseneyo ne-axis ethwalayo.
Lo mdlalo wenzelwe ukuthwala ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuvumela ukuthwala ukuxhasa imithwalo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezifana nokwandiswa kweqondo lokushisa kunye nendlela ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwamakhonkco angaphakathi nangaphandle kuya kuchaphazela ubomi bokuthwala.
Ngokukodwa, ukucocwa kunokuchaphazela ingxolo, ukungcangcazela, uxinzelelo lobushushu, ukuphambuka, ukuhanjiswa komthwalo kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Ukudlala kweradial ephezulu kuyanqweneleka kwiimeko apho i-ring yangaphakathi okanye i-shaft kulindeleke ukuba ibe shushu kwaye yande ngexesha lokusetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa neringi yangaphandle okanye indlu. Kule meko, umdlalo kwi-bearing uya kunciphisa. Ngokuchaseneyo, umdlalo uya kwanda ukuba umsesane wangaphandle wanda ngaphezu kweringi yangaphakathi.
Ukudlala kwe-axial ephezulu kunqweneleka kwiinkqubo apho kukho ukungahambi kakuhle phakathi kwe-shaft kunye nezindlu njengoko ukungahambi kakuhle kunokubangela ukuba i-bearing kunye ne-internal clearance iphumelele ngokukhawuleza. Ukucocwa okukhulu kunokuvumela ukuba i-bearing ikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kancinane njengoko ingenisa i-engile yoqhagamshelwano ephezulu.
*Izixhobo
Kubalulekile ukuba iinjineli zibethe ibhalansi elungileyo yococeko lwangaphakathi kwibheringi. Ukunyathela ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungonelanga kokudlala kuya kuvelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokukhuhlana, okuya kubangela ukuba iibhola zityibilike kumzila womdyarho kwaye zikhawuleze ukunxiba. Ngokufanayo, ukucocwa kakhulu kuya kwandisa ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokujikeleza.
Ukucoca kunokulawulwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukulingana kobunjineli kubhekisa kucoceko phakathi kwamalungu amabini okukhwelana. Oku kudla ngokuchazwa njenge-shaft emngxunyeni kwaye imele iqondo lokuqina okanye ukukhululeka phakathi kwe-shaft kunye neringi yangaphakathi naphakathi kweringi yangaphandle kunye nendlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo uzibonakalisa ngokukhululekileyo, ukulungelelaniswa kococeko okanye ukudibanisa okuqinileyo, ukuphazamiseka.
Ukudibanisa okuqinileyo phakathi kwendandatho yangaphakathi kunye ne-shaft kubalulekile ukuyigcina kwindawo kunye nokukhusela i-creepage engafunekiyo okanye i-slippage, enokuthi ivelise ukushisa kunye nokungcangcazela kwaye ibangele ukuthotywa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungenelela okulinganayo kuya kunciphisa ukukhululeka kwibheringi yebhola njengoko ikhulisa iringi yangaphakathi. Ukulingana okuqinileyo okufanayo phakathi kwendlu kunye neringi yangaphandle kwibheringi edlala iradial ephantsi kuya kucinezela iringi yangaphandle kwaye kunciphise ukucaca ngakumbi. Oku kuya kubangela ukucoceka okungalunganga kwangaphakathi - ngokufanelekileyo ukunika i-shaft enkulu kunomngxuma - kwaye kukhokelela ekukhuhlaneni okugqithisileyo kunye nokusilela kwangaphambili.
Injongo kukwenza umdlalo we-zero xa i-bearing iqhuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umdlalo wokuqala we-radial ofunekayo ukufezekisa oku kunokubangela iingxaki ngeebhola ezityibilikayo okanye ukutyibilika, ukunciphisa ukuqina kunye nokuchaneka kokujikeleza. Lo mdlalo wokuqala weradial unokususwa kusetyenziswa ukulayisha kwangaphambili. Ukulayisha kwangaphambili yindlela yokubeka umthwalo weaxial osisigxina kwibheringi, xa sele ifakelwe, ngokusebenzisa iiwasha okanye imithombo efakelwe kwiringi yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle.
Iinjineli kufuneka kwakhona ziqwalasele inyani yokuba kulula ukunciphisa ucoceko kwi-bearing yecandelo elicekethekileyo kuba iiringi zincinci kwaye kulula ukonakala. Njengomvelisi weebheringi ezincinci kunye ezincinci, i-JITO Bearings icebisa abathengi bayo ukuba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi nge-shaft-to-housing fits. I-Shaft kunye nokujikeleza kwezindlu kubaluleke kakhulu kunye neebheringi zohlobo oluncinci ngenxa yokuba i-shaft engaphandle-jikelele iya kuphazamisa amakhonkco amancinci kwaye yandise ingxolo, i-vibration kunye ne-torque.
*Ukunyamezelana
Ukungaqondi kakuhle malunga nendima yomdlalo we-radial kunye ne-axial kuye kwabangela abaninzi ukuba badibanise ubudlelwane phakathi kokudlala kunye nokuchaneka, ngokukodwa ukuchaneka okubangelwa ukunyamezela kokuvelisa okungcono.
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ukuchaneka okuphezulu akufanelanga kungabi namdlalo kwaye kufuneka kujikelezwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kubo, umdlalo we-radial okhululekileyo uziva ungachanekanga kwaye unika imbonakalo yomgangatho ophantsi, nangona inokuba yinto ephezulu echanekileyo eyilwe ngamabomu ngokudlala okuxekethileyo. Umzekelo, sikhe sabuza abanye abathengi bethu kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuba kutheni befuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye basixelele ukuba bafuna, "ukunciphisa umdlalo".
Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyaniso ukuba ukunyamezela kuphucula ukuchaneka. Kungekudala emva kokufika kokuveliswa kwemveliso ngobuninzi, iinjineli zaqonda ukuba akunamsebenzi okanye uqoqosho, ukuba kunokwenzeka konke konke, ukwenza iimveliso ezimbini ezifanayo ncam. Nokuba zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo zokuvelisa zigcinwa zifana, kuya kuhlala kukho umahluko phakathi kweyunithi enye kunye nelandelayo.
Namhlanje, oku kuye kwamela unyamezelo oluvumelekileyo okanye olwamkelekileyo. Iiklasi zokunyamezelana kweebheringi zebhola, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-ISO (metric) okanye i-ABEC (intshi) yokulinganisa, ilawula ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokugubungela kuquka ubungakanani bangaphakathi nangaphandle komsesane kunye nokujikeleza kwamakhonkco kunye neendlela zobuhlanga. Ukuphakama kweklasi kunye nokunyamezela ukunyamezela, ukuchaneka ngakumbi kuya kuba xa kuhlanganiswe.
Ngokubetha ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kokulungelelana kunye nokudlala kweradial kunye ne-axial ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, iinjineli zinokufikelela kwimvume yokusebenza eyi-zero kwaye ziqinisekise ingxolo ephantsi kunye nokujikeleza okuchanekileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, sinokususa ukudideka phakathi kokuchaneka kunye nokudlala kwaye, ngendlela efanayo ukuba uStanley Parker uguqule umlinganiselo wamashishini, ngokusisiseko sitshintshe indlela esijonga ngayo iibheringi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-04-2021
